In a pipe network, all elements are connected such that changing anything at any location impacts the entire network. Adding a pipe in the far northwest part of the system affects flow in the far southeast part (minimally in many...

They are nonlinear, partial differential equations which are about the worst kinds of equations to solve. About the only things that can make them worse are changes in state (e.g. steam condensing) or non-Newtonian fluids (e.g. mudflows). Numerous researchers have...

The problem was that the people who developed the data underlying the GIS/CAD (I’ll call it GIS in this blog) used to build the model were not careful in how they laid out intersections. They would run the same pipe...

When I would walk into an engineering office (before the pandemic), I would be concerned by the lack of books on the shelves. I’m told that everything you need these days is on the internet....

The exact right-of-way for a pipe or land acquisition for a tank or pump station is not generally considered in explicitly in master planning but can have a significant effect on costs. Costs can vary dramatically and are not simply...