Mass flow rate, , is the mass of fluid passing through a boundary per unit of time. It is defined as:

MET S.p.A. is a leading sports helmet manufacturer based in Talamona, Italy. Engineers at MET have used ADINA successfully to analyze their new helmet design. Depicted in the above animation are the stress contours of the helmet in their simulation of a head with a helmet impacting an anvil at a velocity of 4.57 meters/second. The objective is to ensure that the helmet provides adequate protection for the head; in particular, the deceleration on the head must not exceed 250g.   Figure 1 shows the setup for the simulation and the laboratory test. In the past, engineers at MET had to rely on results obtained from actual impact tests carried out on prototype models in the laboratory to evaluate the performance of a new helmet design. Now with the use of ADINA, the engineers are able to gain better insight into how the helmet functions, e.g., the clearance distance between the head and the anvil can be obtained easily from the simulation results. Comparison of the simulation and laboratory test results (in Figure 2 below) shows very good agreement.    

Sweden has 10 nuclear power reactors providing nearly half of its electricity. Due to the current concern for optimal energy sources, many Swedes consider nuclear power a good option when competitiveness and environmental impact are taken into account. As nuclear power carries the risk of toxic pollution, the safe, efficient operation and maintenance of the nuclear reactors is very important.

In modern earthquake engineering, design for seismic isolation has become increasingly important for the prevention of devastating damage in a major earthquake. One effective and practical method for seismic isolation is the use of friction pendulum bearings, of which many may be used in a bridge structure.