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In a pipe network, all elements are connected such that changing anything at any location impacts the entire network. Adding a pipe in the far northwest part of the system affects flow in the far southeast part (minimally in many...

by Tom Walski
They are nonlinear, partial differential equations which are about the worst kinds of equations to solve. About the only things that can make them worse are changes in state (e.g. steam condensing) or non-Newtonian fluids (e.g. mudflows). Numerous researchers have...

by Tom Walski
The problem was that the people who developed the data underlying the GIS/CAD (Iāll call it GIS in this blog) used to build the model were not careful in how they laid out intersections. They would run the same pipe...

by Tom Walski
When I would walk into an engineering office (before the pandemic), I would be concerned by the lack of books on the shelves. Iām told that everything you need these days is on the internet....

by Tom Walski
The exact right-of-way for a pipe or land acquisition for a tank or pump station is not generally considered in explicitly in master planning but can have a significant effect on costs. Costs can vary dramatically and are not simply...

by Tom Walski
This blog series attempts to present some important considerations in system design that are important but generally are overlooked in schools. Experienced engineers will be familiar with these issues, but inexperienced engineers run into them frequently until they learn....

by Tom Walski
One of the most important inputs to transient analysis is the speed of the pressure wave (called celerity) moving through the pipes. The speed depends on the fluid properties and pipe properties and has a significant impact on the magnitude...

by Tom Walski
The current technology for converting a constant speed pump into a variable speed pump is a variable frequency drive (VFD). In certain situations, converting a pump into a variable speed pump can save a considerable amount of energy. However, in...

by Tom Walski
Isolation valves are an essential part of water distribution systems. Without them, a single pipe break can shut down an entire system while repairs are performed....

by Tom Walski